# Z93 distribution analysis - 2026-08-18 Inputs: ydna-z93-aadr-ancients-2026-07-24.csv (n=212, AADR v66 x YFull v14.04) + YFull v14.05.00 modern strata flags (curl 2026-08-18) ## 1. Ancient era x clade counts Z93 basal / unresolved 6 Medieval+ 7 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 5 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 8 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 8 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 15 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 9 Z93 sibling outside Z94 Z94 descendant 6 Medieval+ 4 0 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 4 0 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 8 1 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 2 1 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 4 0 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0 0 Z94 Y3 / personal-side Z94 Y40 sibling 6 Medieval+ 0 0 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 5 2 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 1 4 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 0 0 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 0 1 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0 0 Z94 Z2124 sibling 6 Medieval+ 6 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 38 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 45 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 13 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 21 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0 Z2124-arm share by era: 6 Medieval+ 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 0.353 0.704 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 0.672 0.542 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0.512 0.000 ## 2. Ancient era x country (countries with n>=4) China Hungary Italy Kazakhstan 6 Medieval+ 1 2 1 1 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 0 17 0 9 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 15 0 3 20 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 1 0 0 8 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 1 1 0 14 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0 0 0 0 Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Pakistan Russia 6 Medieval+ 0 2 3 3 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 6 2 0 10 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 4 12 2 9 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE 0 3 0 8 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE 0 0 0 21 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE 0 0 0 9 ## 3. Ancient clade x country (countries with n>=4) China Hungary Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Z93 basal / unresolved 4 1 1 14 1 3 Z93 sibling outside Z94 2 3 0 4 0 4 Z94 descendant 1 0 0 0 0 0 Z94 Y3 / personal-side 0 0 0 0 1 0 Z94 Y40 sibling 1 0 0 2 1 0 Z94 Z2124 sibling 10 16 3 32 7 12 Pakistan Russia Z93 basal / unresolved 3 18 Z93 sibling outside Z94 0 4 Z94 descendant 0 0 Z94 Y3 / personal-side 1 4 Z94 Y40 sibling 1 1 Z94 Z2124 sibling 0 33 ## 4. West-steppe vs east-steppe: basal Z93 vs Z2124 arm Z93 basal / unresolved Z94 Z2124 sibling east-steppe 23 61 west-steppe 23 53 Fisher exact: OR = 0.87, p = 0.7286 (basal-Z93 enrichment in the west) ## 5. Logistic trend: P(Z2124-arm | date) Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|) (Intercept) 0.9872207 0.3647991 2.706204 0.00680573 kyr -0.2695242 0.1355645 -1.988162 0.04679377 Interpretation: sign of kyr coefficient <0 means the Z2124 arm's share of sampled Z93 RISES toward the present. ## 6. Correspondence analysis (dim1 inertia share = 0.742) Era scores: [,1] [,2] 6 Medieval+ -0.484 0.163 5 Migration-era 150-950CE 0.441 -0.298 4 Scythian-Saka-Xiongnu 850BCE-150CE 0.268 0.179 3 LBA-Iron 1550-850BCE -0.252 0.171 2 Sintashta-Andronovo 2350-1550BCE -0.300 0.027 1 pre-Sintashta >2350BCE -1.687 -0.434 Clade scores: [,1] [,2] Z93 basal / unresolved -0.820 -0.094 Z93 sibling outside Z94 0.025 0.284 Z94 descendant 0.016 0.814 Z94 Y3 / personal-side 0.848 -1.014 Z94 Y40 sibling 0.486 0.098 Z94 Z2124 sibling 0.273 0.019 ## 7. Modern YFull country x stratum matrix (countries, n>0) Z93* (basal, outside Z94) Z94 minor arms Y40 India 2 0 2 Pakistan 1 0 2 Turkey 4 0 2 Kyrgyzstan 6 0 0 Afghanistan 0 0 0 Sri Lanka 0 0 0 England 8 0 0 Qatar 1 0 1 Kuwait 2 0 1 Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 Bangladesh 0 0 2 Armenia 1 0 2 Germany 0 0 0 United Arab Emirates 3 0 0 Singapore 0 0 1 Iraq 1 0 0 Bahrain 2 0 1 Tajikistan 0 0 0 Russia 1 0 0 Yemen 2 0 0 Palestine 0 0 0 Ukraine 0 0 0 Kazakhstan 0 0 0 Israel 0 0 0 Poland 0 0 0 Hungary 0 0 0 Turkmenistan 1 0 0 Iran 0 0 0 Syria 0 0 0 Belarus 0 0 0 Mongolia 0 0 0 Nepal 0 0 0 Uzbekistan 0 0 0 Albania 0 0 0 Y3* (above L657) L657 Z2124* (basal) Z2125* (basal) Z2123 India 0 37 0 0 10 Pakistan 0 16 0 8 2 Turkey 1 0 1 7 8 Kyrgyzstan 0 1 0 0 1 Afghanistan 0 0 0 8 9 Sri Lanka 0 9 0 0 7 England 0 0 0 0 2 Qatar 0 6 0 1 6 Kuwait 2 0 0 2 8 Saudi Arabia 2 4 0 2 4 Bangladesh 0 8 0 0 1 Armenia 0 0 0 0 3 Germany 0 0 0 0 0 United Arab Emirates 0 1 0 0 2 Singapore 0 4 0 0 1 Iraq 0 1 0 0 2 Bahrain 0 0 0 1 1 Tajikistan 0 1 0 0 3 Russia 1 0 0 0 0 Yemen 0 1 0 0 0 Palestine 0 0 0 0 0 Ukraine 0 0 0 0 0 Kazakhstan 0 0 0 0 1 Israel 0 0 0 0 1 Poland 0 0 0 0 0 Hungary 0 0 0 0 1 Turkmenistan 0 0 0 0 1 Iran 0 0 0 0 1 Syria 0 0 0 0 1 Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0 Nepal 0 1 0 0 0 Uzbekistan 0 0 0 0 1 Albania 0 0 0 0 0 S23592 Z2122 India 0 0 Pakistan 0 0 Turkey 4 2 Kyrgyzstan 17 0 Afghanistan 0 0 Sri Lanka 0 0 England 0 6 Qatar 0 0 Kuwait 0 0 Saudi Arabia 1 0 Bangladesh 0 0 Armenia 0 3 Germany 8 1 United Arab Emirates 0 0 Singapore 0 0 Iraq 0 1 Bahrain 0 0 Tajikistan 0 0 Russia 1 0 Yemen 0 0 Palestine 0 3 Ukraine 0 3 Kazakhstan 1 0 Israel 0 1 Poland 0 2 Hungary 0 1 Turkmenistan 0 0 Iran 0 0 Syria 0 0 Belarus 0 1 Mongolia 0 1 Nepal 0 0 Uzbekistan 0 0 Albania 1 0 Shannon diversity of stratum composition per country (top 12 by n): India Pakistan Turkey Kyrgyzstan Afghanistan Sri Lanka 0.81 1.17 1.85 0.86 0.69 0.69 England Qatar Kuwait Saudi Arabia Bangladesh Armenia 0.97 1.27 1.32 1.50 0.76 1.31 ## 8. Leading ethnic/language tags per stratum (tester self-report) Z93* (basal, outside Z94): Arabic=15, Mongolian=3, Adyghe=3, Mandarin Chinese=3, Zaza=3 Z94 minor arms: NA=NA, NA=NA, NA=NA, NA=NA, NA=NA Y40: Arabic=4, Hungarian=2, Burushaski=2, Bengali=2, Tamil=1 Y3* (above L657): Tatar=3, Uighur=2, Dungan=1, Zaza=1, Arabic=1 L657: Panjabi=28, Bengali=8, Arabic=7, Central Pashto=6, Brahui=6 Z2124* (basal): Chechen=1, NA=NA, NA=NA, NA=NA, NA=NA Z2125* (basal): Baluchi=4, Northern Pashto=4, Pushto=4, Southern Pashto=3, Central Pashto=3 Z2123: Karachay-Balkar=99, Adyghe=41, Mandarin Chinese=18, Tatar=16, Central Pashto=12 S23592: Tatar=9, Chechen=6, German=4, Mandarin Chinese=2, Russian=2 Z2122: Karachay-Balkar=9, Yiddish=5, Tatar=4, English=3, Eastern Yiddish=3